Effects of sedimentary interfaces on fracture pattern,linkage, and cluster formation in peritidal carbonate rocks     

Belinda Larsen  Agust Gudmundsson  Ivar Grunnaleite  Gunnar Sælen  Michael R. Talbot  Simon J. Buckley 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

The permeability of a reservoir is particularly dependent upon the proportion of its fractures that penetrate or are arrested at interfaces such as contacts and discontinuities. Here we report on fracture penetration and fracture arrest in Lower Cretaceous peritidal deposits exposed in the Pizzicoli Quarry, Gargano Promontory, southern Italy. We measured more than 2000 fractures, in the field and using LIDAR data, of which 564 fractures from the field and 518 from LIDAR studies are the focus of this paper. Fracture arrest/deflection and penetration depend much on the effects of peritidal cycle interfaces such as paleosol horizons, laminated carbonate mudstones, and stylonodular horizons. The laminated mudstones have the greatest effect; 63–99% of the fractures are deflected or arrested at such interfaces, whereas 63–90% are deflected/arrested at paleosols, and 20–35% at stylonodular horizons. In the mudstones, many fractures are arrested at thin, internal laminae, such that few penetrate the entire laminated layer, and fewer still the boundaries between the layers. Paleosol interfaces deflect/arrest more than 60% of all fractures. However, when small-offset fractures above and below paleosols are regarded as penetrating, they are evenly spaced (non-clustered), so that fracture-related fluid transport may occur across the entire paleosol. Stylonodular horizons deflect/arrest and split some fractures, but generally have little effect compared with the other types of interfaces. We present three main mechanisms for fracture deflection and/or arrest: (1) the fracture-induced tensile stress ahead of its tip, referred to as the Cook-Gordon debonding mechanism; (2) rotation of the principal stresses at and across the interface, resulting in the formation of stress barriers; and (3) large elastic mismatch (particularly as regards Young’s moduli) between layers across an interface. All these mechanisms are likely to have operated during fracture propagation and arrest in the carbonate rocks of the Pizzicoli Quarry.  相似文献   

Structural architecture and a new tectonic perspective of Ovda Regio, Venus     

T.R.K. Chetty  M. Venkatrayudu  V. Venkatasivappa 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(10):1286-1297

The structural architecture of the Ovda Regio, Venus, derived from regional and detailed structural mapping of several key segments, reveals a new tectonic perspective, for the first time that varies from most of the existing tectonic models. The interpreted structural features include folds of different styles and scales, mega shear zones, ribbon structures, and other kinematic indicators. While concentric folding is predominant in the western Ovda, the eastern Ovda is characterized by shear folding. Two mega shear zones are recognised: dextral NW-SE trending GMSZ and a complimentary sinistral NE-SW trending KKSZ. Two tectonic stages are identified in a coherent and continuous strain history involving initial N-S compression that gave rise to regional east-west folding providing the fundamental tectonic architecture of a mountain fold-thrust belt. Ribbon structures in a broad radial pattern were developed contemporaneously with this folding. The second tectonic stage saw the development of a conjugate pair of mega shear zones and a range of kinematic indicators, consistent with continued N-S compression and the pre-existing fold pattern was modified resulting in the development of new fold structures, particularly in the eastern Ovda. The structural characteristics of Ovda Regio are analogous to those of Himalaya-Tibet collision front and also the Precambrian mobile belts of southern India.  相似文献   

广东及其邻域的地壳厚度和泊松比分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈玉松  康英  徐果明 《中国地震》2013,29(2):210-218

利用广东及其邻域福建、江西、湖南、广西、海南、台湾共82个宽频带数字地震台的远震资料,计算获得了所有台站下方的体波接收函数,并通过接收函数H-κ搜索叠加方法反演了这些台站下方的地壳厚度和平均泊松比.研究结果表明,广东及其周边地区的地壳厚度为26.8 ～ 33.6km,平均为29.5 km.由西北到东南逐渐变薄,表现出大陆地壳向大洋地壳的缓慢过渡过程.珠江三角洲、粤西、粤桂琼交界、广西南宁、广东南澳等地区地壳厚度较薄,为25.0～28.0km;海南的翁田、广东的湛江、上川岛等地壳厚度最薄,在26km左右;福建明溪、湖南永州周边地区地壳厚度较厚,为31.0～34.0km.研究区域内地壳泊松比为0.20～0.29,海南岛的东南部、粤东和闽西的沿海地区以及江西南部具有明显的高泊松比,这可能与这些地区具有广泛的温泉分布和高热流值的特性有关.地壳厚度和泊松比分布的分块特征明显,并与断层和历史地震的分布有关.  相似文献   

大地水准面高对InSAR大范围地壳形变监测的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李鹏  李振洪  施闯  冯万鹏  梁存任  李陶  曾琪明  刘经南 《地球物理学报》2013,56(6):1857-1867

由于InSAR数据处理所用的WGS84参考椭球系统与通用的DEM高程系统(EGM96大地水准参考面)不一致,在InSAR形变监测分析中会引入大地水准面高导致的误差.本文利用覆盖青藏高原北部阿尔金断裂带西段的27景Envisat ASAR宽幅模式数据和44景条带模式数据,研究了大地水准面高与InSAR大范围形变测量不确定性的关系:(1)模拟分析表明对于100 m的垂直基线,8.8 m的DEM测量误差,若研究区域存在20 m的大地水准面高的变化,对宽幅或条带模式InSAR形变测量造成的影响将由3 mm增至10 mm左右;(2)实例验证表明对于不同的研究区域,大地水准面高与该地区地形变化存在较大相关性,对于同一研究区域,垂直基线的大小决定了大地水准面高对InSAR不确定性的影响程度;(3)对于大地水准面高有较大梯度变化的研究区域,组合短基线方法与去除轨道平面的方法难以消除大地水准面高的影响.使用基于WGS84高程系统的DEM,可以为InSAR形变测量分析提供统一的高程基准,有效避免大地水准面高误差的影响.  相似文献   

Ordovician ferrosilicic magmas: Experimental evidence for ultrahigh temperatures affecting a metagreywacke source     

A. Castro  A. García-Casco  C. Fernndez  L.G. Corretg  I. Moreno-Ventas  T. Gerya  I. Lw 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):622-632

Peculiar magmatic rocks were erupted and emplaced at depth at the margin of the Gondwana supercontinent during the Cambro-Ordovician transition. These rocks are characterized by high contents in silica and iron but they do not have equivalents in the high-silica members of the calc-alkaline series. They have particular geochemical signatures, with Al saturation index, ASI > 1, FeO > 2.5 wt.%, MgO > 0.8 wt.% for very low contents in calcium (CaO < 2.0 wt.%), supporting a derivation from near-total melting (> 80 vol.% melt) of metagreywackes. The results from inverse experiments indicate that the most plausible conditions are within the range 1000 °C (excess water) and 1100–1200 °C (subsaturated and dry) at pressures of 1.5 to 2.0 GPa. A tectonic scenario implying melting of subducted sediments within an ascending mantle-wedge plume is suggested for the generation of primary ferrosilicic melts at the Gondwana continental margin during Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician times.  相似文献   

新疆东天山大黑山地区眼球状花岗片麻岩成因及形成环境          下载免费PDF全文

余吉远  孟勇  郭琳  李建星  白定邦 《地质找矿论丛》2009,24(4):335-340

文章对东天山大黑山地区眼球状花岗质片麻岩的特征及其成因进行探讨。通过野外地质调查和岩石学、矿物学、地球化学的研究,认为区内岩体为岛弧钙碱性火山-沉积岩系原地重熔改造的产物,这种原地花岗片麻岩的成岩过程主要为深源熔体和流体与原岩的相互作用,使原岩发生不同程度的部分熔融,因而其地球化学特征同时受到原岩和外来熔体-流体的控制。锆石U-Pb年龄为1 141 Ma,代表了重熔事件的时间。根据岩石地球化学及构造环境判别图解认为该岩体为碰撞造山后期-期后的产物。  相似文献   

阿尔泰造山带阿巴宫花岗岩体年代学及地球化学研究   总被引：15，自引：8，他引：7  

刘锋  杨富全  毛景文  柴凤梅  耿新霞 《岩石学报》2009,25(6):1416-1425

花岗岩的成因和演化一直是颇受关注的科学问题。新疆阿尔泰阿巴宫岩体位于北阿尔泰喀纳斯-可可托海古生代岩浆弧南界;利用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测得该岩体的形成年龄为462.5±3.6Ma (MSDW=1.4),即侵入时代为奥陶纪中期。岩石地球化学特征显示高硅、富钾,Rb、Th、U、La等富集,Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb强烈亏损, LREE富集、HREE分馏不明显,较强负铕异常以及铝过饱和特征;铝过饱和指数1.09~1.39,属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩（SP）。综合前人有关阿尔泰造山带发展、演化的研究成果,认为阿巴宫岩体形成于大陆岩浆弧环境,是陆壳物质部分熔融的结果。  相似文献   

中国华南地区地壳厚度与波速比分布特征及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

杨晓瑜  李永华 《地球物理学报》2021,64(1):146-156

本研究利用中国国家地震台网336个固定地震台站记录的远震波形资料,通过P波接收函数H-κ分析估算了中国华南地区的地壳厚度和地壳平均波速比.研究结果显示,地壳厚度约为25~46 km,整体表现西深东浅的变化特点.研究区地壳厚度变化分别与布格重力异常和地形呈现负相关和正相关.扬子块体东部显示较低地壳波速比(<1.7)可能与地表沉积岩的存在相关.四川盆地内部的平均地壳波速比(约1.71~1.8)与全球大陆地盾/克拉通地区相当.但其周围地区地壳平均波速比明显增高(1.81~1.95),推测可能是克拉通形成过程中岩浆的底侵引起下地壳组分以铁镁质麻粒岩为主.华夏块体西部表现为薄的地壳厚度和低的地壳平均波速比(1.65~1.75),暗示该区基性下地壳物质的缺失可能与增厚的地壳发生拆沉有关.华夏块体东南段呈现出较高的地壳平均波速比(约1.77~1.86),地壳组成以中基性铁镁质为主,推断可能与晚中生代铁镁质岩浆底侵作用密切相关.  相似文献   

利用远震P波接收函数研究中国福建地区地壳厚度和泊松比     

李海艳  蔡辉腾  金星  姚华建  李培  徐嘉隽  林琛  任丛荣 《地球物理学报》2021,64(3):805-822

地壳厚度和泊松比是反映地壳结构和内部物质组成的重要参数,能够为区域构造和动力学研究提供重要依据.本文基于福建地区分布相对均匀的88个测震台2014—2017年的远震波形数据提取P波接收函数,采用H-κ叠加获得台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比,并与该地区已有的研究结果进行对比、分析及整合,最终获得了研究区117个观测台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比,揭示了中国福建地区地壳结构和泊松比变化特征.结果显示:(1)研究区内地壳厚度整体较薄,在27.4~34.3 km之间,平均值为31.4 km.地壳厚度从西北往东南减薄,具有明显条带和块状特征,与地壳主要深大断裂的分布有一定相关性.本文以更为密集的台站结果进一步验证了研究区具有由陆壳向洋壳逐渐减薄的过渡特征,并揭示了地壳新的局部起伏.这也意味着福建地区从内陆到沿海并非线性减薄,存在小尺度横向非均匀性.(2)研究区内泊松比平均值为0.25,范围为0.20~0.30,北部整体偏高,南部整体较低,泊松比分布特征与该区地壳物质组成和矿物含量密切相关.沿海地区泊松比明显高于内陆地区,推测与沿海地区较高的热流值和幔源物质底侵过程有关.(3)地壳厚度与泊松比成负相关,推测在地壳伸展背景下,古太平洋板块俯冲华南大陆,幔源物质进入地壳,在造成莫霍面抬升的同时提高了泊松比.  相似文献   

东天山星星峡缝合带早古生代强过铝质花岗岩的研究及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

毛启贵  肖文交韩春明方同辉孙敏袁超 《地质科学》2010,45(1):41-056

铅炉子过铝质花岗岩带发育于中天山岛弧带南缘的星星峡缝合带内, 为一长条形的二云母花岗岩。岩体地球化学特征是高Si、Al和K, 低Mg、Fe的组份, 全碱含量中等, σ=174～19, K2O>Na2O, A/CNK>11, 属于高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩类（SP）。岩体的CaO/Na2O和 Al2O3/TiO2比值都相对较低, 分别为（006～007）和（489～553）; REE、Nb、Y含量和Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值相对较高; Rb、Th和LREE相对富集, Ba、Si、Eu、Ti、P和HREE相对亏损; εHf(t)=-23～+16表明岩体还具有较高的锆石同位素特征, T2DM变化范围为1 573～1 329 Ma。 这些地质学和地球化学研究表明铅炉子二云母花岗岩形成于后碰撞的伸展环境中, 是在高温、中低压条件下发生重熔形成的, 其源岩为古老的地壳物质和年轻的增生物质通过物理风化作用形成泥质岩。本文通过测年获得二云母花岗岩锆石LA ICPMS年龄为4445±22 Ma, 表明铅炉子过铝质花岗岩形成于晚奥陶世, 是中天山岛弧带和公婆泉岛弧带的碰撞时间的上限, 它也是中天山岛弧带与公婆泉岛弧带碰撞造山作用的产物, 是中亚增生造山带的增生方式之一。  相似文献